Ionic Boding
Noble gases
are monoatomic and exist as individual atom.
They are
stable and unreactive. Noble gases are unreactive because they have fully
filled outer shells. They have duplet or octet.
Formation of Ions:
An atom
become an ion if it loose or gain electrons.
Positive
ion or cations are formed when atom lose electrons.
Negative
ion or anions are formed when atom gain electrons.
Metal tends to lose valence electrons to form positively charged ions (cations). Non-metals usually gain electron to form negatively charged ions (anions).
Ionic Bond:
Ionic bonds
are strong electrostatic force of attraction between positively charge and
negatively charge ions.
Ex: Sodium
chloride in which sodium transfer one electron to chloride to be stable.
Compounds
that contain ionic bond are called ionic compound.
Polyatomic ions are two or more covalently bonded atom.
Formula for ionic compound:
Ionic
compounds ending with ‘ide’ contain two elements.
Ex: Sodium
chloride
Ionic
compounds ending with ‘ate’ contains oxygen.
Ex: Copper II Sulphate
For many
compounds that contain metallic and non-metallic elements, the symbol of
metallic element is written first.
Formula of an ionic compound can be constructed by balancing the charges of positively charge ions with those of negative charge ions.
Physical and Chemical properties of Ionic Compounds:
Ionic
compound forms a giant lattice structure. A giant lattice structure is three-dimensional
network of ions.
Ionic
compounds have high melting and boiling points since large amount of energy is
used to break down the strong electrostatic force of attraction between
positive and negative ion.
Ionic
compounds are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents, since water
molecules are attracted to ions.
Ionic
compound conduct electricity in molten or aqueous form (mix with water due to
free moving electrons.
Conclusion:
Ionic bond is strong strong electrostatic forces between positively charged and negatively charged ion. The ionic compounds are formed between metal and non-metal. During the formation of ionic compound the metal atom donates its extra electrons to non-metal atom. Due to strong forces between between cation and anion they have high melting and boiling points.
